DOI: 10.5176/2251-1865_CBP16.22
Authors: Hyeseon Jo and Soontaeg Hwang
Abstract: Aging is a crucial factor that affects one’s cognitive abilities (Ryan, Sattler, & Lopez, 2000). A large body of studies suggests that cognitive ability or intelligence is related to aging, socioeconomic status, occupation, educational level, cultural experience, and so on. One of representative cohort effect of this is educational level. Given that the decline of cognitive abilities is associated with normal aging or pathological problems, it is important to understand the changes in intelligence in accordance with the age. However, the specific nature of how aging and intelligence interact remains unknown (Horn & Blankson, 2005). The useful tools to address this issue are Wechsler intelligence scale and Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory. Especially, the latter has emerged as the consensus model for understanding human intelligence and is regarded as a common model for explaining various cognitive abilities. The aim of this study is to examine changes in the CHC index and subtests of K-WAIS-IV according to the age groups. In addition, we will try to understand of the decline of cognitive abilities due to normal aging. The results of a multiple regression, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with the data from the K-WAIS-IV normative sample (N=1228) showed that percent of explanatory by age was 1.5{6e6090cdd558c53a8bc18225ef4499fead9160abd3419ad4f137e902b483c465} in Gc, whereas the other indices were 20~30{6e6090cdd558c53a8bc18225ef4499fead9160abd3419ad4f137e902b483c465}. Percent of explanatory by education was 37{6e6090cdd558c53a8bc18225ef4499fead9160abd3419ad4f137e902b483c465} in Gc, 29{6e6090cdd558c53a8bc18225ef4499fead9160abd3419ad4f137e902b483c465} in Gv, and the other indices were 19~23{6e6090cdd558c53a8bc18225ef4499fead9160abd3419ad4f137e902b483c465}. Gc showed the greatest difference between not-adjusted and adjusted mean for educational level, indicating that Gc is seriously affected by education. Gc was stable across all age group, whereas the other indices (Gf, Gv, Gsm, Gs) were gradually reduced from 35 years, and sharply reduced from 60 years. Especially, Symbol Search and Coding subtests in Gs were sharply declined old age than younger adult. The results of this study shows age-related performance decline CHC index using K-WAIS-IV. It suggests useful information about age-related changes in cognitive abilities.
Keywords:CHC theory, aging, Intelligence, Fluid reasoning and Comprehension knowledge
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